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Vim will substitute an abbreviation when you type any “non-keyword character” after an abbreviation. “Non-keyword character” means any character not in the iskeyword option.
Run this command:
:set iskeyword?
You should see something like iskeyword=@,48-57,_,192-255. This format is very complicated, but in essence it means that all of the following are considered “keyword characters”:
• The underscore character (_). • All alphabetic ASCII characters, both upper and lower case, and their accented versions. • Any characters with an ASCII value between 48 and 57 (the digits zero through nine). • Any characters with an ASCII value between 192 and 255 (some special ASCII characters).
If you want to read the full description of this option’s format you can check out :help isfname.